Some of the more useful functions are shown in Table 2, and examples of how they are used are given in Table 3. e., the arg in the parentheses), which can be either a list of numbers or cell references. These functions all require an argument (i. Pushing the function button, , or selecting Insert, Function from the menu bar, will give access to all of the built-in functions. These calculations do not give the same result! Convince yourself that the order of operations is important by entering “= (2+3)/4” in one cell and “=2+3/4” in another. Use parentheses to ensure proper calculation. The order of operation is important! Multiplication and division are performed before addition and subtraction. So, entering “=A1+B1” in cell C1 would add the contents of the two cells and place that result in C1, while entering “=A1+5” in C1 adds 5 to the value in A1 and places it in C1. Note that all formulas begin with the equals sign. Symbols for basic mathematical operations in Excelįormulas may be entered with any combination of numbers and cell references using the standard symbols shown in Table 1. But if we pasted it into cell D3, cell D3 would contain the formula “=B2-$B$13”.Įquals (starts all formulas entered in Excel) If we then copy cell C3 and paste it into cell C4, cell C4 would contain the formula “=A3-$B$13”. For example, if we wanted subtract the value in cell B13 from that in cell A2, but keeping the reference to cell B13 constant, we might enter in cell C3 the formula “=A2-$B$13”. An absolute reference is denoted with the “$”symbol, and may proceed the column or row designation, or both. If we don’t want the reference to a cell to change, we need to use an absolute reference.
But when we do this, Excel will automatically change the row and column references. Many times it is easier to enter a formula once and then copy and paste it into other cells.
So for example, cell A1 is the first cell in the upper left-hand corner of the worksheet. If you encounter trouble, use the online help, or ask a more experienced user.Īll cells in a spreadsheet are referred to by their row (number) and column (letter). Note that this tutorial was written for Excel 2003, but later versions are similar, although where you find functions on the menu bar are different. It supplements, but does not replace, hands-on experience. This web page is designed to give the average student a brief introduction to Excel and provide a quick reference to those students who are more familiar with the program.
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