In the late 1980s, Chiang Ching-kuo, Chiang Kai-shek's son and the next KMT leader in turn, lifted martial law and allowed the establishment of opposition parties such as the Democratic Progressive Party. The party also oversaw Taiwan's economic development, but also experienced diplomatic setbacks, including the ROC losing its United Nations seat and most of the world including its ally the United States switching diplomatic recognition to the CCP-led People's Republic of China (PRC) in the 1970s. During this period, martial law was in effect and civil liberties were curtailed under the guise of anti-communism, with the period being known as the White Terror. By 1949, the KMT was decisively defeated by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in the Chinese Civil War (in which the People’s Republic of China was established by the CCP on 1 October 1949) and withdrew the ROC government to Taiwan, a former Qing territory annexed by the Empire of Japan from 1895 to 1945.įrom 1949 to 1987, the KMT ruled Taiwan as an authoritarian one-party state after the February 28 incident. From 1937 to 1945, the KMT-ruled Nationalist government led China through the Second Sino-Japanese War against Japan. From 1926 to 1928, the KMT under Chiang Kai-shek successfully led the Northern Expedition against regional warlords and unified the fragmented nation. In 1919, Sun Yat-sen re-established the party under the name "Kuomintang" in the Shanghai French Concession. From there, the party underwent major reorganization changes that occurred before and after the Xinhai Revolution, which resulted in the collapse of the Qing dynasty and the establishment of the Beiyang government. The party originated as the Revive China Society, founded by Sun Yat-sen on 24 November 1894 in Honolulu, Republic of Hawaii. As of 2023, the KMT is currently the largest opposition party in the Legislative Yuan. The KMT's primary rival in elections is the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) and its allies in the Pan-Green Coalition. In Taiwanese politics today, the KMT is a centre-right to right-wing party, and is the largest party in the Pan-Blue Coalition.
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Chiang Kai-shek declared martial law and retained its authoritarian rule over Taiwan under the Dang Guo system until democratic reforms were enacted in the 1980s and full democratization in the 1990s. The party retreated from the mainland to Taiwan on 7 December 1949, following its defeat in the Chinese Civil War. It was the sole party in China during the Republican Era from 1928 to 1949, when most of the Chinese mainland was under its control. The Kuomintang ( KMT), also referred to as the Guomindang ( GMD), the Nationalist Party of China ( NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party ( CNP), is a major political party in the Republic of China, initially on the Chinese mainland and then in Taiwan since 1949. "Kuomintang ( Guómíndǎng)" in Traditional (top) and Simplified (bottom) Chinese characters
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